Pharmaceutical name: 英文藥名﹕ | Rhizoma Acori gramini |
Botanical name: 學名﹕ | Acorus calamus var angustatus Acorus gramineus Soland |
Pron. in Japanese: 日語發音﹕ | shobu |
Pron. in Korean: 韓語發音﹕ | changpo |
Pron. in Cantonese: 粵音﹕ | se chong pu |
Other Names: 別名﹕ | chang pu 菖蒲, jiu jie chang pu九節 菖蒲 處方名 (prescription names): 石菖蒲,石菖卜,菖蒲,菖卜,九節 菖蒲等 |
Common Name: 英文名﹕ | Sweet flag, myrtle flag, calamus, flagroot. |
Distribution: 產地﹕ | Mainly produced in Sichuan, Zhejiang, Jiangsu provinces of China. 主產 四川,浙江,江蘇 。 |
Properties characteristics)﹕ 性味﹕ | acrid, warm. 辛,温。 |
Channels meridians) entered: 歸經﹕ | heart, liver, spleen. 歸 心,肝, 脾 經 。 |
Medical functions: 藥理﹕ | Effect on CNS: In animal studies, this herb can lower 5-Hydroxyindole acetic Acid (5-HIAA), dopamine, 3, 4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), and homovanillic acid. This shows that the herb shi chang pu can sedate the CNS through lowering monoamine of neurotransmitters. The ethanol extract of this herb and counter the highest threshold of mice and rats in electrical shock and lowest threshold in pentetrazole, seizure reaction of strychnine, thus it shows that shi chang pu possesses anti-seizure effect. Cardio-vascular effect: corrects arrythmia and slows down heart rate. Effect on respiratory system: improves asthma and chronic bronchitis. Effect on digestive system: relieve spasm of the intestine Antibiotic effect Anti-cancer Anti-epilepsy (detailed translation of the following will be uploaded) ■對神經系統的作用 動物實驗表明,石菖蒲能降低5-羥吲哚乙酸,多巴胺,3,4-二羥基苯乙酸及高香草酸的水平,說明石菖蒲可能是通過降低單胺 類神經遞質起到中樞神經 鎮靜作用。石菖蒲醇提取物能明顯對抗大,小鼠的最大電休克發作和小鼠的戊四氮最小閾發作及小鼠士的寧的 驚厥反應,說明石菖蒲醇提取物有明顯的抗驚厥作用。石菖蒲總 揮 發油是鎮靜,催眠,抗驚厥的主要成分,α-細辛醚及β-細辛醚 是石菖蒲上述作用的主要活性成分。石菖蒲提取物有促進小鼠學習記憶和提高耐缺氧的作用。菖蒲具有促進動物體力和智力的作用。石菖 蒲去油煎劑,總 揮 發油,α,β-細辛醚對小鼠的正常學習有促進作用,對各種類型的記憶模型都有不同程度地改善作用。 ■對心血管系統的作用 研究指出,菖蒲中的二聚細辛醚具有降脂作用,它吸收快,分布迅速廣泛,體內消除較緩慢,具有很好的降脂效果。研究表明,石菖 蒲揮 發油對大鼠由馬頭鹼誘發的心律失常有一定的治療作用;對家兔由腎上腺和氯化鋇誘發的心律失常, 石菖蒲揮 發油治療量有減慢心律的作用。 ■對呼吸系統的作用 有報道指出,α-細辛腦(α-Asarone)是石菖蒲的主要成分之一,可治療處於發作期,遷延期或病情加重期的單純型慢性 支氣管炎,喘息型慢支或支氣管哮喘。 ■對消化系統的作用 用電生理方法研究中藥石菖蒲水提液對大鼠胃腸肌電的作用發現,石菖蒲水提液對胃腸肌電動呈現抑制作用,其作用是通過阻斷膽鹼 能M受體及迷走神經非膽鹼能受體實現的。研究指出,石菖蒲去油煎劑,總 揮 發油,α,β-細辛醚均能抑制離體家兔腸管自發性收 縮,拮抗Ach,Hist及BaCl2導致腸管痙攣,增強大鼠胃腸道蠕動及小鼠腸道推進功能,還可促進大鼠膽汁分泌。研究指出, 石菖蒲的揮 發成分α-細辛醚(Ⅰ),β-細辛醚(Ⅱ)及1-烯丙基-2,4,5-三甲 氧基苯(Ⅲ)對豚鼠離體氣管和回腸有很強的解痙作用。 ■抑菌作用 經培養發現,石菖蒲在污水中能正常生長,同時發現石菖蒲的提取液對已知的8種純菌株都有一定的抑制作用。 ■抗癌作用 研究指出,石菖蒲揮 發油提取物α-細辛醚對SGC-7901,Detr-oit-6,Hela 等人癌細胞株有抗癌活性。 通過觀察人癌細胞形態學改變,並應用活細胞染色體 計數等方法,進行動態的定量研究表明,α-細辛醚能選擇性地抑制及殺傷人癌細胞。 ■抗癲癇作用 石菖蒲中的α-細辛醚具有抗電驚厥,戊四氮驚厥,側腦室給乙酰膽鹼致驚厥作用,用於癲癇大,小發作的臨床治療。 [1] ■李延斌 |
Actions & Indications: 主治﹕ | Mainly use in delirium, epilepsy, coronary diseases, angina, arrhythmia, stroke, vertigo, ringing in the ears, atrophic gastritis, external injury of the brain, mentally handicapped/disabled. 主要應用於昏迷,癲癇,冠心病,心絞 痛,心律失常,中風,眩暈,耳鳴,耳聾,萎縮性胃炎,腦外傷,弱智等。 [1] |
Chemical ingredients: 化學成份﹕ | The content of essential oil differs according to where the plants are produced. 揮 發 油的含量及其组成可因產 地等不同有較大差異 。 Root and leaves contain essential oil 0.11 to 0.42%. The main ingredients are: | 根茎和葉中均 含揮 發 油(0.11~0.42%)其 主要成分是 | β一Asarone 63.2~81.2% | β-细辛醚(顺式) 63.2~81.2% | asarone 8.8~13.7% | 细辛醚8.8~13.7% | caryophyllene | 石竹烯 | α-humulene | α-葎 草烯 | Sekishone | 石菖醚(1一烯丙基一2,4,5一三甲氧基苯) | amino acid, organic acid, and sugar | 氨基酸,有机酸和糖类。 | roots and stems contain essential oil 1.5 to 3.5% | 根茎含揮 發 油1.5%-3.5%, | those produced in Nanjing, the roots and stems contain 1.13 to 3.72%; leaves contain 0.1 to 0.3%; whole plant contains 0.24 to 0.48%. The main essential oils are: | 南京產 的根茎含1.13%-3.72%,葉 含0.1%-0.3%,全草含0.24%-0.48%,揮 發 油中主要含: | α-asarone | α-细辛醚 | β-asarone | β-细辛醚 | The several essential oils are: | 数种样品的揮 發 油成分 如下: | β-asarone | β-细辛醚 | α-asarone | α-细辛醚 | cis-methylisoengenol | 顺甲基異 丁香酚 | trans- methylisoeugenol | 反甲基異 丁香酚 | shyobunone | 水菖蒲 | isoshyobuncne | 異 水菖蒲酮 | epishyobunone | 表水菖蒲酮 | linalool | 芳樟醇 | calamenene | 菖蒲烯 | β- gurjunene | β古香油烯(古芸烯) | δ-cadinene | δ杜松烯 | From the essential oil of the root and stem, the following have been issolated: | 從根茎的揮 發 油中,尚 分離出: | calamendiol | 菖蒲烯二醇 | isocalamendiol | 異 菖蒲烯二醇 | preisocalamendiol | 前菖蒲烯二醇 | acoronene | 菖蒲烯酮 | acorone | 菖蒲螺酮 | acoragermacrone | 菖蒲大牻牛儿酮 | acolamone | 菖蒲酮 | isoacolamone | 異 菖蒲酮 | root and stems of shi chang pu contain essential oil of 0.5 to 0.92%. The oil contains: | 石菖蒲:根茎含揮 發 油0.5%-0.92%; 油中含: | β-asarone | α-细辛醚和β-细辛醚 | Those produced in Nanjing, the roots anstems contain essential oil of 0.58 to 2. 49%. The oil contains: | 南京產 石菖蒲的根茎含揮 發 油0.58%-2.049 %,油中含: | β-asarone 62.38% | β-细辛醚62.38% | α-asarone 2.17% | α-细辛醚2.17% | Fresh herb contain essential of 0.2% to 0.42%. Fresh leaves contain 0.25% and the oil contains close to 30 minute quantity of chemicals. The more important ingredients are: | 鲜草含揮 發 油0.20%-0.42% ,鲜葉含0.25%,油中含近30种微量成分,其主要成分及含量如下: | β-asarone | β-细辛醚 | α-asarone | α-细辛醚 | caryophyllene | 丁香烯 | sekishone | 西克酮 | safrol | 黄樟油脑 | cis-metylisoeugenol | 顺甲基異 丁香酚 | α-humulene | α葎草烯 | calamenene | 菖蒲烯 | camphor | 樟脑 |
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Dosage: 用量﹕ | Internal use: 3 to 6 g. (fresh herb 9 to 24 g); or use in pill or powder form. External use: boil with water and use it to wash affected parts or grind into powder and make into paste form. 內服:煎湯,3~6克(鮮者9~24克 );或入丸,散。外用:煎水洗或研末調敷。 |
Samples of formulae :處方舉例﹕ | Kong shen zhen zhong dan: for improving memory in study. Composition: shi chang pu 12 g, yuan zhi 12 g, long gu 18 g, baked gui ban 12 g. Add 12,00 c.c. of water and simmer down to 400 c.c. and use as tea.. 孔聖枕中丹 《清﹐汪 昂 醫方集解》治讀書善忘﹐久 服令人聰明。【 组成】敗龜 板酥 灸, 龍骨研 末入雞腹煮一宿, 遠志, 九節菖蒲. 三 錢 ﹐ 遠志 三 錢 ﹐ 龍骨 五 錢 ﹐ 炙 龜 板 三 錢 。 以 三 碗 半 水 煎 至 一 碗 。 |
Modern Research: 現代研究﹕ | |
Toxicity & Cautions: 毒素與禁忌﹕ | use care in cases of yinxu (yin deficient) , irritable and sweating heavily, cough, spitting blood, spermatorrhea. There are literature that mention using shi chang pu do not eat goat or lamb meat. 陰虛 陽亢﹐烦 躁汗多﹐咳 嗽﹐吐 血﹐精 滑者慎服。 有記載,服中藥方中石菖蒲者忌吃羊肉 。 |
The original correct herb, shi chang pu came from the roots of Acorus calamus var angustatus . Today the in the market it is substituted with the root of Anemone altaica Fisch. They should not be interchanged.