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Last update: Jan 5, 2008;10:06 a.m. LA shi_chang_pu.htm chang_pu.htm

 

 

shi chang pu 石菖蒲

 

Edited by: Joe Hing kwok Chu   朱興國編譯

 

Pharmaceutical name:

英文藥名﹕

Rhizoma Acori gramini

Botanical name:

學名﹕

Acorus calamus var angustatus

Acorus gramineus  Soland

Pron. in Japanese:

日語發音﹕

shobu 

Pron. in Korean:

韓語發音﹕

changpo

Pron. in Cantonese:

粵音﹕

se chong pu

Other Names:

別名﹕

chang pu 菖蒲, jiu jie chang pu九節 菖蒲

處方名 (prescription names): 石菖蒲,石菖卜,菖蒲,菖卜,九節 菖蒲等

Common Name:

英文名﹕

Sweet flag, myrtle flag, calamus, flagroot.

Distribution:

產地﹕

Mainly produced in Sichuan, Zhejiang, Jiangsu provinces of China.

主產 四川,浙江,江蘇 。

Properties

 characteristics)﹕

性味﹕

acrid, warm.

辛,温。

Channels  meridians) entered:

 

歸經﹕

heart, liver, spleen.

歸 心,肝 脾 經 。

Medical functions:

藥理﹕

 

Effect on CNS: In animal studies,  this herb can lower 5-Hydroxyindole acetic Acid (5-HIAA), dopamine, 3, 4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), and homovanillic acid. This shows that the herb shi chang pu can sedate the CNS through lowering  monoamine of neurotransmitters. The ethanol extract of this herb and counter the highest threshold of mice and rats in electrical shock and lowest threshold in pentetrazole, seizure reaction of strychnine, thus it shows that shi chang pu possesses anti-seizure effect.

Cardio-vascular effect: corrects arrythmia and slows down heart rate.

Effect on respiratory system: improves asthma and chronic bronchitis.

Effect on digestive system: relieve spasm of the intestine

Antibiotic effect

Anti-cancer

Anti-epilepsy

(detailed translation of the following will be uploaded)

 

     ■對神經系統的作用
  動物實驗表明,石菖蒲能降低5-羥吲哚乙酸,多巴胺,3,4-二羥基苯乙酸及高香草酸的水平,說明石菖蒲可能是通過降低單胺 類神經遞質起到中樞神經 鎮靜作用。石菖蒲醇提取物能明顯對抗大,小鼠的最大電休克發作和小鼠的戊四氮最小閾發作及小鼠士的寧的 驚厥反應,說明石菖蒲醇提取物有明顯的抗驚厥作用。石菖蒲總 揮 發油是鎮靜,催眠,抗驚厥的主要成分,α-細辛醚及β-細辛醚 是石菖蒲上述作用的主要活性成分。石菖蒲提取物有促進小鼠學習記憶和提高耐缺氧的作用。菖蒲具有促進動物體力和智力的作用。石菖 蒲去油煎劑,總 揮 發油,α,β-細辛醚對小鼠的正常學習有促進作用,對各種類型的記憶模型都有不同程度地改善作用。
  ■對心血管系統的作用
  研究指出,菖蒲中的二聚細辛醚具有降脂作用,它吸收快,分布迅速廣泛,體內消除較緩慢,具有很好的降脂效果。研究表明,石菖 蒲揮 發油對大鼠由馬頭鹼誘發的心律失常有一定的治療作用;對家兔由腎上腺和氯化鋇誘發的心律失常,
石菖蒲揮 發油治療量有減慢心律的作用。
  ■對呼吸系統的作用
  有報道指出,α-細辛腦(α-Asarone)是石菖蒲的主要成分之一,可治療處於發作期,遷延期或病情加重期的單純型慢性 支氣管炎,喘息型慢支或支氣管哮喘。
  ■對消化系統的作用
  用電生理方法研究中藥石菖蒲水提液對大鼠胃腸肌電的作用發現,石菖蒲水提液對胃腸肌電動呈現抑制作用,其作用是通過阻斷膽鹼 能M受體及迷走神經非膽鹼能受體實現的。研究指出,石菖蒲去油煎劑,總 揮 發油,α,β-細辛醚均能抑制離體家兔腸管自發性收 縮,拮抗Ach,Hist及BaCl2導致腸管痙攣,增強大鼠胃腸道蠕動及小鼠腸道推進功能,還可促進大鼠膽汁分泌。研究指出, 石菖蒲的揮 發成分α-細辛醚(Ⅰ),β-細辛醚(Ⅱ)及1-烯丙基-2,4,5-三甲
氧基苯(Ⅲ)對豚鼠離體氣管和回腸有很強的解痙作用。
  ■抑菌作用
  經培養發現,石菖蒲在污水中能正常生長,同時發現石菖蒲的提取液對已知的8種純菌株都有一定的抑制作用。
  ■抗癌作用
  研究指出,石菖蒲揮 發油提取物α-細辛醚對SGC-7901,Detr-oit-6,Hela 等人癌細胞株有抗癌活性。 通過觀察人癌細胞形態學改變,並應用活細胞染色體
計數等方法,進行動態的定量研究表明,α-細辛醚能選擇性地抑制及殺傷人癌細胞。
  ■抗癲癇作用
  石菖蒲中的α-細辛醚具有抗電驚厥,戊四氮驚厥,側腦室給乙酰膽鹼致驚厥作用,用於癲癇大,小發作的臨床治療。 [1]
 ■李延斌

Actions & Indications:

主治﹕

Mainly use in delirium, epilepsy, coronary diseases, angina, arrhythmia, stroke, vertigo, ringing in the ears, atrophic gastritis, external injury of the brain, mentally handicapped/disabled.

主要應用於昏迷,癲癇,冠心病,心絞 痛,心律失常,中風,眩暈,耳鳴,耳聾,萎縮性胃炎,腦外傷,弱智等。 [1]

Chemical ingredients:

化學成份﹕

The content of essential oil differs according to where the plants are  produced.

揮 發 油的含量及其组成可因產 地等不同有較大差異 。

Root and leaves contain essential oil 0.11 to 0.42%. The main ingredients are:

根茎和葉中均 含揮 發 油(0.11~0.42%)其 主要成分是

β一Asarone  63.2~81.2%

β-细辛醚(顺式) 63.2~81.2%

asarone 8.8~13.7%

细辛醚8.8~13.7%

caryophyllene

石竹烯

α-humulene

α-葎 草烯

Sekishone

石菖醚(1一烯丙基一2,4,5一三甲氧基苯)

amino acid, organic acid, and sugar

氨基酸,有机酸和糖类。

roots and stems contain essential oil 1.5 to 3.5%

根茎含揮 發 油1.5%-3.5%,

those produced in Nanjing, the roots and stems contain 1.13 to 3.72%; leaves contain 0.1 to 0.3%; whole plant contains 0.24 to 0.48%. The main essential oils are:

南京產 的根茎含1.13%-3.72%,葉 含0.1%-0.3%,全草含0.24%-0.48%,揮 發 油中主要含:

α-asarone

α-细辛醚

β-asarone

β-细辛醚

The several essential oils are:

数种样品的揮 發 油成分 如下:

β-asarone

β-细辛醚

α-asarone

α-细辛醚

cis-methylisoengenol

顺甲基異 丁香酚

trans- methylisoeugenol

反甲基異 丁香酚

shyobunone

水菖蒲

isoshyobuncne

異 水菖蒲酮

epishyobunone

表水菖蒲酮

linalool

芳樟醇

calamenene

菖蒲烯

β- gurjunene

β古香油烯(古芸烯)

δ-cadinene

δ杜松烯

From the essential oil of the root and stem, the following have been issolated:

從根茎的揮 發 油中,尚 分離出:

calamendiol

菖蒲烯二醇

isocalamendiol

異 菖蒲烯二醇

preisocalamendiol

前菖蒲烯二醇

acoronene

菖蒲烯酮

acorone

菖蒲螺酮

acoragermacrone

菖蒲大牻牛儿酮

acolamone

菖蒲酮

isoacolamone

異 菖蒲酮

root and stems of shi chang pu contain essential oil of 0.5 to 0.92%. The oil contains:

石菖蒲:根茎含揮 發 油0.5%-0.92%; 油中含:

β-asarone

α-细辛醚和β-细辛醚

Those produced in Nanjing, the roots anstems contain essential oil of 0.58 to 2. 49%. The oil contains:

南京產 石菖蒲的根茎含揮 發 油0.58%-2.049 %,油中含:

β-asarone 62.38%

β-细辛醚62.38%

α-asarone 2.17%

α-细辛醚2.17%

Fresh herb contain essential of 0.2% to 0.42%. Fresh leaves contain 0.25% and the oil  contains close to 30 minute quantity of chemicals. The more important ingredients are:

鲜草含揮 發 油0.20%-0.42% ,鲜葉含0.25%,油中含近30种微量成分,其主要成分及含量如下:

β-asarone

β-细辛醚

α-asarone

α-细辛醚

caryophyllene

丁香烯

sekishone

西克酮

safrol

黄樟油脑

cis-metylisoeugenol

顺甲基異 丁香酚

α-humulene

α葎草烯

calamenene

菖蒲烯

camphor

樟脑

Dosage:

用量﹕

Internal use: 3 to 6 g. (fresh herb 9 to 24 g); or use in pill or powder form.

External use: boil with water and use it to wash affected parts or grind into powder and make into paste form.

內服:煎湯,3~6克(鮮者9~24克 );或入丸,散。外用:煎水洗或研末調敷。

Samples of formulae

:處方舉例﹕

Kong shen zhen zhong dan: for improving memory in study.

Composition: shi chang pu 12 g, yuan zhi 12 g, long gu 18 g, baked gui ban 12 g. Add 12,00 c.c. of water and simmer down to 400 c.c. and use as tea..

孔聖枕中丹 《清汪 昂 醫方集解》治讀書善忘久 服令人聰明。【 组成】龜 板酥 灸, 龍骨研 末入雞腹煮一宿, 遠志, 九節菖蒲. 三 錢 ﹐ 遠志 三 錢 ﹐ 龍骨 五 錢 ﹐ 炙 龜 板 三 錢 。 以 三 碗 半 水 煎 至 一 碗 。

Modern Research:

現代研究﹕

 

Toxicity & Cautions:

毒素與禁忌﹕

use care in cases of yinxu (yin deficient)  , irritable and sweating heavily, cough, spitting blood, spermatorrhea.

There are literature that mention using shi chang pu do not eat goat or lamb meat.

陰虛 陽亢烦 躁汗多咳 嗽吐 血精 滑者慎服。

有記載,服中藥方中石菖蒲者忌吃羊肉 。

[1]

中國藥 報【日期】2004-12-28 【期次】197(總 第2912期) 【版次】B5 【版名】综合报道 李延斌

The original correct herb, shi chang pu came from the roots of Acorus calamus var angustatus . Today the in the market it is substituted with the root of Anemone altaica Fisch. They should not be interchanged.

正品九節 菖蒲按歷代本 草所述經考証為藥典收載之天南星科植物石菖蒲Acorus calamus var angustatus 的 根莖,惟體小節 密,一寸有九節 者,此方為石菖蒲的優質品。而現在市售九節 菖蒲則皆毛莨科植物阿爾泰銀蓮花Anemone altaica Fisch.的 根莖。其根莖短小,仿錘形,斷面平坦,質脆易折斷,節 較密,易給人造成誤區。由上對照可知,天南星科植物石菖蒲為本草所述及《中國藥典 》(85版)所載正品。南星科九節 菖蒲隻有記載如今並無商品。在功效上,石菖蒲主化濕和中,而水菖蒲與阿爾泰銀蓮花之節 菖蒲與其有較 大的差別 ,因此,應嚴格區分,不可以此代彼。
 

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