Pharmaceutical name:

英文药名：

Radix Stephania tetrandra (han fang ji 漢防己, 石蟾蜍, 粉防己)

Radix aristolochiae fangchi (guang fang ji 廣防己)

Radix cocculus trilobus (mu fang ji 木防己)

Latin botanical name:

拉丁名：

1. Stephania tetrandra S. Moore han fang ji (fen fang ji 粉防己)

2. Aristolochia fangchi, Wu; (guang fang ji 廣防己﹐guangdong mu fang ji 廣東木防己)

3. Aristolochia westlandi, Hemsl. (guang fang ji 廣防己﹐guangdong mu fang ji 廣東木防己)

4. Cocculus trilobus DC.  (mu fang ji 木防己)

5. Sinomenium acutum var. cinerascens Rhed. et Wils. (mao fang ji 毛防己)

6.  Dioloclisia chinensis Merriel (hua fang ji 華防已)

7.  Menispermum dauricum De Candolle (bian fu ge 蝙蝠葛)

8.  Aristolochia mouppinensis Franchet (mo ping ma dou ling 穆坪馬兜鈴)

9.  Aristolochia kaempferi Willdenow (da ye ma dou ling 大葉馬兜鈴)

Pron. in Japanese:

日語發音：

boi

Pron. in Korean:

韓語發音：

bang gi (fang ji 防己);

kwang bang gi (guang fang ji 廣防己)

Pron. in Cantonese:

粤語發音：

fong4 gei2

Common Name:

英文名：

stephania

Distribution:

分佈：

Han fang ji (fen fang ji) is distributed in Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi, Hubei provinces.

Guangdong mu fang ji (guang fang ji) is distributed in Guang Dong and Guang Xi provinces.

漢防己分佈於：浙江，安徽，江西，湖北等省。

廣東木防己分佈於：廣東和廣西等省。

Properties (characteristics):

性味：

Bitter in taste, acrid and very cold. 

苦，辛，寒。

Channels (meridians) entered:

歸經：

bladder, spleen and kidney

膀胱，脾，腎。

Actions & Indications:

Usage: Japanese han fang ji is being used pain reliever: inflammation of nerves, stiffness of the shoulders, gouts and back pain. Chinese han fang ji is being used in Bell's palsy, asthma, edema (as an diuretics).

Mu fang ji is being used as diuretics for edema and for gonorrhea. 

Medical Function:

Lab animals receiving sinomenin injections showed increase reflex functions, spasms and paralyzed and death.

Chinese han fang ji showed that it can regulate body temperature. Mu fang ji showed the properties of diuretics and relieve pain of nerve inflammation.

Chemical ingredients:

(1) . Han fang ji: chemicals consist of tetrandin C₃₈H₄₂N₂O₆ and fangchinoline C₃₇H₄₆N₂O₆.

Han fang ji also is produced in Japan. Its chemicals consist of sinomenin C₁₉H₂₂NO₄;

(2) Mu fang ji (木防己) is distributed in Guang Dong and Guang Xi provinces.

Its chemicals consist of mufangchinoline C₁₄H₂₁N₁₄O_11, thunbergin C₂₀H₁₄O₉,

 trilobine (木防己鹼 ), isotrilobine (異木防己鹼), magnoflorine ( 木蘭花鹼 ), trilobamine (木防已胺 ), normenisarine (去甲毛木防己鹼  ), menisarine (毛木防已鹼 ), epistephanine (表千金藤鹼), coclobine (木防己賓鹼), cocculolidine (葉含衡州烏藥裡定鹼 ).

More to be uploaded

Dosage:

5-10 grams boiled with water.

Samples of formulae:

處方举例：

The formulae listed below may contain the toxic type of mu tong or fang ji. Consult your local regulations before using them.

• Ba Zheng San 八正散 (contains mu tong)

• Chun Yang Zheng Ji Wan 純 陽正氣丸 (contains qing mu xiang)

• Da Huang Qing Wei Wan  大黃清胃丸 (contains guan mu tong)

• dang gui si ni tang 當歸四逆湯 (contains mu tong and xi xin)

• Mu Xiang Dao Chi Wan  木香導滯丸 (contains mu xiang and may be confused with qing mu xiang)

• Die Da Wan 跌打丸 (some Die Da Wan formulae contain mu tong or fang ji)

• Guan Xin Siu He Ge Wan 冠心秀克閤丸 (contains qing mu xiang)

• Ji Sheng Ju He Wan 濟生橘核丸 (contains mu tong and hou po)

• Kat Kit Wan 解結前列丸 (contains mu tong)

• Quell Fire Shi Xiang Fan Shen Wan 十香翻身(返神)丸

• Xin Yi Wan 心怡丸

Cautions:

禁忌：

using hanfangchin A for injection should not over 300mg to avoid toxicity. 

Guang fang ji is produced in Guangdong.  It is also called Guangdong mu fang ji. It belongs to the aristolochiae family and is toxic for the kidneys. 30 g is the toxic dosage.

Guangdong mu fang ji (aristolochiae fangchi ) is not the regular mu fang ji which is cocculus trilobus. The whole plant of Guangdong mu fang ji is toxic. Animals or people, eating the the flowers or leaves show symptoms of headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, difficulty in breathing, numbness in limbs, etc.

See ma dou ling

廣防己全株有毒。

人畜誤食新鮮的莖葉或花，會造成頭痛﹐頭暈﹐噁心﹐嘔吐﹐腹痛﹐呼吸困難﹐四肢麻木等症狀。

Large dosages and/or long term usage of aristolochia fangchi (guang fang ji) is toxic to kidneys.

大劑量或長期服用廣防己對腎臟有毒。

Note:

注：

Historically those produced in Han Zhong are called han zhong fang ji and they are mainly belonged to the aristolochiae family. Today, when the herb fang ji goes through the area of Han Kou，it is called Han fang ji; so it is not one variety.

歷史上，防己產於漢中的叫做漢中防己。是屬於馬兜鈴科。現在，防己經過漢口的都叫做漢防己。所以不是一種植物。

Usually in prescribing if it is written as "fang ji" it is deemed to be fen fang ji unless it is written as "mu fang ji."

處方中如不指明“木防己”而僅寫“防己”，通常認定為“粉防己”。